• Lachlan Donaldson, Emily Fitzgerald, Oliver Flower, and Anthony Delaney.
• Malcolm Fisher Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. lachlandonaldson@gmail.com.
• Emerg Med Australas. 2016 Oct 1; 28 (5): 496-510.

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study is to independently and systematically assess the harms and benefits of intravenous thrombolysis for patients with presumed acute schaemic stroke.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials of intravenous thrombolysis compared with control in patients with presumed acute ischaemic stroke. The effectiveness of thrombolysis on functional outcome, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage, early mortality and mortality at final follow up was assessed using a fixed-effect meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 26 studies that randomised 10 431 participants were included. The use of thrombolysis was associated with an increased odds of good functional outcome, estimated odds ratio (OR) 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.25, P = 0.004), and also a significantly increased risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage, estimated OR 4.28 (95% CI 3.34-5.48, P < 0.0005) and an increased risk of early mortality, estimated OR 1.51 (95% CI 1.27-1.78, P < 0.0005). There was no statistically significant evidence that the effect of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) was different from that of other thrombolytic agents. There was also an increase in mortality at final follow up associated with treatment with thrombolysis, estimated OR 1.17 (95% CI 1.06-1.30, P = 0.003), although this result was not consistent when limited to studies of rt-PA, estimated OR 1.04 (95% CI 0.92-1.18, P = 0.49).ConclusionsThere is clear evidence of increased early mortality, increased rates of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage and also of improved functional outcomes for patients with presumed acute ischaemic stroke treated with thrombolysis. The available data are unlikely to resolve the controversy regarding the use of intravenous thrombolysis in this population, and further randomised controlled trials are urgently required.© 2016 Australasian College for Emergency Medicine and Australasian Society for Emergency Medicine.

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