• Jung Hye Kwon, Seung-Hyun Nam, Sujin Koh, Young Seon Hong, Kyung Hee Lee, Sang-Won Shin, David Hui, Kyun Woo Park, So Young Yoon, Ji Yun Won, Gary Chisholm, and Eduardo Bruera.
• Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
• J Pain Symptom Manage. 2013 Dec 1; 46 (6): 947-56.

ContextThe Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) is a brief, widely adopted, multidimensional questionnaire to evaluate patient-reported symptoms.ObjectivesTo develop a Korean version of the ESAS (K-ESAS) and to perform a psychometric analysis in Korean patients with advanced cancer.MethodsWe tested the K-ESAS in two pilot studies with 15 patients each. We assessed internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity in 163 Korean patients, who completed the K-ESAS along with the Korean versions of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (K-MDASI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (K-HADS) twice. A total of 38 patients completed the questionnaires again seven days later to assess responsiveness.ResultsThe K-ESAS scores had good internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.88, indicating that no questions had undue influence on the score. Pearson correlation coefficients for K-ESAS symptom scores between baseline and after two to four hours ranged from 0.72 (95% CI 0.64-0.79) to 0.87 (95% CI 0.82-0.90), indicating strong test-retest reliability. For concurrent validity, Pearson correlation coefficients between K-ESAS symptom scores and corresponding K-MDASI symptom scores ranged from 0.70 (95% CI 0.62-0.77) to 0.83 (95% CI 0.77-0.87), indicating good concurrent validity. For the K-HADS, concurrent validity was good for anxiety (r=0.73, 95% CI 0.65-0.79) but moderate for depression (r=0.4, 95% CI 0.26-0.52). For responsiveness, changes in K-ESAS scores after seven days were moderately correlated with changes in K-MDASI scores but weakly correlated with changes in K-HADS scores.ConclusionThe K-ESAS is a valid and reliable tool for measuring multidimensional symptoms in Korean patients with cancer.Copyright © 2013 U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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