• Heather A Heaton, Ronna L Campbell, Kristine M Thompson, and Annie T Sadosty.
• Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
• J Emerg Med. 2016 Nov 1; 51 (5): 605-609.

BackgroundMore than 30 million people are affected annually by medical errors. Apologies can heal patients, families, and providers and, if deployed and structured appropriately, can enrich clinical encounters-yet they rarely occur.ObjectivesThis article will address the nonlegal arguments in favor of the medical apology and discuss a structure for delivering a meaningful apology. In addition, we will review reasons why some providers feel compelled to apologize while others faced with similar circumstances do not.DiscussionMedical apologies bring value to both patients and providers. Apologies can preserve therapeutic relationships and save careers for professionals by restoring their self-respect and dignity. The four R's of the ideal apology-recognition, responsibility, regret, and remedy-provide a framework to help providers apologize for unintended outcomes. When deployed and structured appropriately, apologies can heal patients, families, and providers and can enrich clinical encounters.ConclusionFor providers, forgiving one's self is key to professional wellbeing and continued effective practice. For patients, apologies are desirable and also serve as a conduit for often wanted emotional support from their physician.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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