• Nira A Goldstein, Roni Keller, Kathy Rey, Sreedhar Rao, Jeremy Weedon, Ghulam Dastgir, Alexander Mironov, and Scott T Miller.
• Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA. ngoldstein@downstate.edu
• Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2011 Dec 1; 137 (12): 1263-8.

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in children with sickle cell disease and whether there is an association of sleep-disordered breathing with high-risk transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) velocities. StudyDesignCross-sectional.SettingTertiary care academic medical center.PatientsSixty-four children (aged 2-14 years) selected for eligible genotype (type SS or Sβ(0)-thalassemia) and no history of stroke.InterventionsParents completed the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire. Overnight polysomnography was performed for children with snoring. The TCD was performed or existing results were obtained for all children; for children who underwent transfusion therapy, readings prior to the transfusion were analyzed. Children with abnormal or conditional TCD (flow velocity ≥170 cm/s in any vessel) were considered high risk.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence of sleep-disordered breathing and TCD velocity and frequency of high-risk TCD in patients with and without sleep-disordered breathing.ResultsThe prevalence of snoring was 37.5% (95% CI, 26.7%-49.8%), the prevalence of positive polysomnography findings was 23.7% (14.6%-36.1%), and the prevalence of positive Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire scores was 21.9% (13.4%-33.6%). There was no significant difference in TCD velocity or number of patients with high-risk TCD between nonsnorers and children with snoring but negative polysomnography findings and children with snoring and positive polysomnography findings (P = .91 and P = .66, respectively) or between nonsnorers and snorers with a negative Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire score and snorers with a positive Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire score (P = .76 and P = .33, respectively).ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of snoring and sleep-disordered breathing among children with sickle cell disease, but our results do not support an association with cerebrovascular risk.

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