• Hsi-Kai Tsou, Meng-Hui Chi, Yi-Wen Hung, Chi-Jen Chung, and Ju-Liang He.
• Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, No. 100, Wenhwa Road, Taichung City 40724, Taiwan ; Functional Neurosurgery Division, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Taichung City 40705, Taiwan ; Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, No. 79-9, Sha-Luen Hu, Hou-Loung Town, Miaoli County 35664, Taiwan.
• Biomed Res Int. 2015 Jan 1; 2015: 328943.

AbstractPolyetheretherketone (PEEK), which has biomechanical performance similar to that of human cancellous bone, is used widely as a spinal implant material. However, its bioinertness and hydrophobic surface properties result in poor osseointegration. This study applies a novel modification method, arc ion plating (AIP), that produces a highly osteoblast compatible titanium dioxide (TiO2) coatings on a PEEK substrate. This PEEK with TiO2 coating (TiO2/PEEK) was implanted into the femurs of New Zealand white male rabbits to evaluate its in vivo performance by the push-out test and histological observation. Analytical results show that AIP can prepare TiO2 coatings on bullet-shaped PEEK substrates as implant materials. After prolonged implantation in rabbits, no signs of inflammation existed. Newly regenerated bone formed more prominently with the TiO2/PEEK implant by histological observation. The shear strength of the bone/implant interface increases as implantation period increases. Most importantly, bone bonding performance of the TiO2/PEEK implant was superior to that of bare PEEK. The rutile-TiO2 coatings achieved better osseointegration than the anatase-TiO2 coatings. Therefore, AIP-TiO2 can serve as a novel surface modification method on PEEK for spinal interbody fusion cages.

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