• Marjoleine J C Pieper, Annelore H van Dalen-Kok, Anneke L Francke, Jenny T van der Steen, Erik J A Scherder, Bettina S Husebø, and Wilco P Achterberg.
• EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of General Practice & Elderly Care Medicine, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.pieper@vumc.nl.
• Ageing Res. Rev. 2013 Sep 1; 12 (4): 1042-55.

BackgroundBoth pain and challenging behaviour are highly prevalent in dementia, and multiple studies show that some of these behaviours may be correlated. Pain, especially in non-communicative patients, can cause challenging behaviour, and treatment of pain therefore may have an effect on behaviour. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions targeting pain on the outcome behaviour, and interventions targeting behaviour on pain, in dementia.MethodPubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, COCHRANE, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Web of Science were searched systematically. Studies were included if they focused on an intervention targeting a reduction in the person's distress, pain, and/or behaviour, and included adults with a main diagnosis of dementia.ResultsOf a total of 893 potentially relevant publications that were identified, 16 publications met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for further analysis; 6 studies focused on a pain intervention targeting behaviour, 1 study focused on a behavioural intervention targeting pain, and 9 studies focused on an intervention targeting both pain and behaviour.ConclusionAvailable evidence suggests that (pain) interventions targeting behaviour, and (behavioural) interventions targeting pain are effective in reducing pain and behavioural symptoms in dementia.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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