• Timothy D Girard, Waleed Alhazzani, John P Kress, Daniel R Ouellette, Gregory A Schmidt, Jonathon D Truwit, Suzanne M Burns, Scott K Epstein, Andres Esteban, Eddy Fan, Miguel Ferrer, Gilles L Fraser, GongMichelle NgMN, Catherine L Hough, Sangeeta Mehta, Rahul Nanchal, Sheena Patel, Amy J Pawlik, William D Schweickert, Curtis N Sessler, Thomas Strøm, Kevin C Wilson, Peter E Morris, and ATS/CHEST Ad Hoc Committee on Liberation from Mechanical Ventilation in Adults.
• Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2017 Jan 1; 195 (1): 120-133.

BackgroundInterventions that lead to earlier liberation from mechanical ventilation can improve patient outcomes. This guideline, a collaborative effort between the American Thoracic Society and the American College of Chest Physicians, provides evidence-based recommendations to optimize liberation from mechanical ventilation in critically ill adults.MethodsTwo methodologists performed evidence syntheses to summarize available evidence relevant to key questions about liberation from mechanical ventilation. The methodologists appraised the certainty in the evidence (i.e., the quality of evidence) using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach and summarized the results in evidence profiles. The guideline panel then formulated recommendations after considering the balance of desirable consequences (benefits) versus undesirable consequences (burdens, adverse effects, and costs), the certainty in the evidence, and the feasibility and acceptability of various interventions. Recommendations were rated as strong or conditional.ResultsThe guideline panel made four conditional recommendations related to rehabilitation protocols, ventilator liberation protocols, and cuff leak tests. The recommendations were for acutely hospitalized adults mechanically ventilated for more than 24 hours to receive protocolized rehabilitation directed toward early mobilization, be managed with a ventilator liberation protocol, be assessed with a cuff leak test if they meet extubation criteria but are deemed high risk for postextubation stridor, and be administered systemic steroids for at least 4 hours before extubation if they fail the cuff leak test.ConclusionsThe American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians recommendations are intended to support healthcare professionals in their decisions related to liberating critically ill adults from mechanical ventilation.

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