• Emmanuel Mandonnet, Juan Martino, Silvio Sarubbo, Francesco Corrivetti, Schahrazed Bouazza, Damien Bresson, Hugues Duffau, and Sebastien Froelich.
• Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; University Paris 7, Paris, France; IMNC UMR8165, Orsay, France. Electronic address: mandonnet@mac.com.
• World Neurosurg. 2017 Feb 1; 98: 239-242.

BackgroundAdvances in the oncologic and functional results of insular surgery have been reported recently. Such successes have been made possible by the advent of the transopercular approach under awake monitoring and by improved anatomic and functional knowledge of white matter pathways surrounding the insula. Nonetheless, given the rarity of insular tumors, it is difficult to get familiar with the complex 3-dimensional anatomy of the different neuronal and vascular structures encountered during a transopercular insular resection. We thus propose to develop a laboratory model allowing to train transopercular approaches of the insula.MethodsTwo hemispheres prepared with Klinger's technique were dissected under light microscope, preserving all pial membranes. The different steps of the dissection were video recorded.ResultsPreservation of pial membranes enabled us to simulate subpial resection, both during operculum removal and during insular cortex resection. The medial wall of the resection was defined by the inferior-fronto-occipital fasciculus, protecting from the lenticulostriate arteries.ConclusionIn this paper, we show that Klinger dissection with preservation of pial membranes provides a realistic model of insular surgery, allowing surgeons to learn and train on this highly specialized surgery.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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