• Lisa Martin, Marian A E de van der Schueren, Susanne Blauwhoff-Buskermolen, Vickie Baracos, and Leah Gramlich.
• Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
• Jpen Parenter Enter. 2016 Mar 1; 40 (3): 355-66.

BackgroundThe goal of this work was to identify barriers and enablers to the implementation of nutrition care in head and neck and esophageal (HNE) cancers and to prioritize barriers to help improve the nutrition care process.Materials And MethodsThis study used a multimethod qualitative study design (including semistructured interviews, focus group). Interviews (n = 29) were conducted at 5 European sites providing care and treatment to patients with HNE cancers. A focus group (n = 21) reviewed and corroborated interview findings and identified priorities for nutrition care. Participants were healthcare providers and researchers with direct experience in the field of HNE cancer.ResultsFive themes with accompanying barriers and enablers were identified related to nutrition care: (1) evidence for the benefit of nutrition interventions, (2) implementation of nutrition care processes (assessment, intervention, and follow-up), (3) characteristics of healthcare providers, (4) site factors, and (5) patient characteristics. Focus group discussions identified 2 priorities that must be acted on to improve nutrition care: (1) improve the evidence base and (2) develop standardized nutrition care pathways.ConclusionThemes related to nutrition care in HNE cancers were similar between sites, but barriers and enablers differed. Interview and focus group participants agreed the following actions will result in improvements in nutrition care: (1) enhance the evidence base to test the benefit of nutrition interventions, with a focus on resolving specific controversies regarding nutrition therapy, and (2) establish a minimum data set with a goal to create standardized nutrition care pathways where roles and responsibilities for care are clearly defined.© 2014 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

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