• Bryan M Ladd, Ryan D Tackla, Akshay Gupte, David Darrow, Jeffery Sorenson, Mario Zuccarello, and Andrew W Grande.
• Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Electronic address: laddx035@umn.edu.
• World Neurosurg. 2017 Mar 1; 99: 680-686.

BackgroundOur pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of our telementoring-telescripting model to facilitate seamless communication between surgeons while the operating surgeon is using a microscope.MethodsAs a first proof of concept, 4 students identified 20 anatomic landmarks on a dry human skull with or without telementoring guidance. To assess the ability to communicate operative information, a senior neurosurgery resident evaluated the student's ability and timing to complete a stepwise craniotomy on a cadaveric head, with and without telementoring guidance; a second portion included exposure of the anterior circulation. The mentor was able to annotate directly onto the operator's visual field, which was visible to the operator without looking away from the binocular view.ResultsThe students showed that they were familiar with half (50% ± 10%) of the structures for identification and none was familiar with the steps to complete a craniotomy before using our system. With the guidance of a remote surgeon projected into the visual field of the microscope, the students were able to correctly identify 100% of the structures and complete a craniotomy. Our system also proved effective in guiding a more experienced neurosurgery resident through complex operative steps associated with exposure of the anterior circulation.ConclusionsOur pilot study showed a platform feasible in providing effective operative direction to inexperienced operators while operating using a microscope. A remote mentor was able to view the visual field of the microscope, annotate on the visual stream, and have the annotated stream appear in the binocular view for the operating mentee.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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