• J Adv Nurs · Dec 2015

    Development and initial validation of the Parental PELICAN Questionnaire (PaPEQu)--an instrument to assess parental experiences and needs during their child's end-of-life care.

    • Karin Zimmermann, Eva Cignacco, Katri Eskola, Sandra Engberg, Anne-Sylvie Ramelet, Nicolas Von der Weid, and Eva Bergstraesser.
    • Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland.
    • J Adv Nurs. 2015 Dec 1; 71 (12): 3006-17.

    AimTo develop and test the Parental PELICAN Questionnaire, an instrument to retrospectively assess parental experiences and needs during their child's end-of-life care.BackgroundTo offer appropriate care for dying children, healthcare professionals need to understand the illness experience from the family perspective. A questionnaire specific to the end-of-life experiences and needs of parents losing a child is needed to evaluate the perceived quality of paediatric end-of-life care.DesignThis is an instrument development study applying mixed methods based on recommendations for questionnaire design and validation.MethodThe Parental PELICAN Questionnaire was developed in four phases between August 2012-March 2014: phase 1: item generation; phase 2: validity testing; phase 3: translation; phase 4: pilot testing. Psychometric properties were assessed after applying the Parental PELICAN Questionnaire in a sample of 224 bereaved parents in April 2014. Validity testing covered the evidence based on tests of content, internal structure and relations to other variables.ResultsThe Parental PELICAN Questionnaire consists of approximately 90 items in four slightly different versions accounting for particularities of the four diagnostic groups. The questionnaire's items were structured according to six quality domains described in the literature. Evidence of initial validity and reliability could be demonstrated with the involvement of healthcare professionals and bereaved parents.ConclusionThe Parental PELICAN Questionnaire holds promise as a measure to assess parental experiences and needs and is applicable to a broad range of paediatric specialties and settings. Future validation is needed to evaluate its suitability in different cultures.© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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