• L Vetter, C Konrad, G Schüpfer, and M Rossi.
• Abteilung für Infektiologie und Spitalhygiene, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000, Luzern, Schweiz. luzia.vetter@luks.ch.
• Anaesthesist. 2017 Feb 1; 66 (2): 122-127.

BackgroundVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common and preventable infections in mechanically ventilated patients. It is associated with a high mortality rate. To prevent VAP, various strategies address this issue using "VAP-bundles", which are implemented in many intensive care units. The risk of acquiring VAP starts with the induction of anesthesia, strictly speaking at the time of intubation. This article considers measures to prevent VAP during general anesthesia in adult patients (>18 years). Procedures beyond standard hygienic precautions for VAP prevention are reviewed.MethodsA literature search in different databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid und CINAHL) over the last five years.ResultsBeyond standard hygienic precautions, microaspiration should be avoided to prevent VAP. During mechanical ventilation at least 5 cm H2O PEEP is advised. Continuous monitoring and adjustment of cuff pressure is necessary. All patients mechanically ventilated after general anesthesia for more than 24 h should be intubated with an ETT with a port for subglottic suctioning.

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