• Rima S Rindler, Falgun H Chokshi, James G Malcolm, Sheila R Eshraghi, Mahmud Mossa-Basha, Jason K Chu, Shekar N Kurpad, and Faiz U Ahmad.
• Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
• World Neurosurg. 2017 Mar 1; 99: 150-158.

BackgroundDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is increasingly investigated as a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool for symptomatic degenerative cervical pathology; however, it is yet to be validated for this purpose.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of preoperative DTI signal changes and postoperative outcomes in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).MethodsWe performed a systematic literature review using PubMed for clinical studies using DTI in adults undergoing operative management for CSM. Data on preoperative clinical status, preoperative DTI metrics, and postoperative clinical outcomes were abstracted. Preoperative DTI parameters were correlated with preoperative severity and postoperative outcomes and pooled across studies.ResultsNine studies met inclusion criteria for 238 patients who underwent operative management with mean follow-up time 310 days. Higher preoperative fractional anisotropy (FA) at the level of maximal compression correlates strongly with a higher preoperative modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score (n = 192 patients, rho = 0.62, P < 0.001). Higher preoperative FA is associated with less postoperative mJOA change (n = 27, rho = -0.42, P = 0.02) but a greater recovery rate (n = 93, rho = 0.32, P < 0.001). Preoperative FA correlated with lower Neck Disability Index (n = 15, rho = -0.61, P = 0.04). Preoperative fiber tract ratio had a large positive correlation with a postoperative recovery rate (n = 20, rho = 0.61, P = 0.005). When reported, an apparent diffusion coefficient showed an inverse correlation compared with FA.ConclusionDTI is associated with preoperative severity and postoperative outcomes in CSM patients, suggesting that DTI may become useful in identifying those most likely to benefit from operative intervention (Level 3 Evidence). Prospective trials with standardized DTI acquisition techniques and patient selection are required for higher-level evidence.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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