• Kai Zhang, Hongbin Deng, and Philip T Cagle.
• From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania (Drs Zhang and Deng);
• Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 2014 Dec 1; 138 (12): 1611-28.

ContextImmunohistochemistry has become an indispensable ancillary tool for the accurate classification of pleuropulmonary and mediastinal neoplasms necessary for therapeutic decisions and predicting prognostic outcome in the era of personalized medicine. Diagnostic accuracy has significantly improved because of the continuous discoveries of tumor-associated biomarkers and the development of effective immunohistochemical panels.ObjectiveTo increase the accuracy of diagnosis and classify pleuropulmonary neoplasms through immunohistochemistry.Data SourcesLiterature review, authors' research data, and personal practice experience.ConclusionsThis review article has shown that appropriately selecting immunohistochemical panels enables pathologists to effectively diagnose most primary pleuropulmonary neoplasms and differentiate primary lung tumors from a variety of metastatic tumors to the lung. The discovery of new mutation-specific antibodies identifying a subset of specific gene-arranged lung tumors provides a promising alternative and cost-effective approach to molecular testing. Knowing the utilities and pitfalls of each tumor-associated biomarker is essential to avoiding potential diagnostic errors.

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