• Andrew E Leake, Theodore H Yuo, Timothy Wu, Larry Fish, Ellen D Dillavou, Rabih A Chaer, Steven A Leers, and Michel S Makaroun.
• Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa. Electronic address: leakeae@upmc.edu.
• J. Vasc. Surg. 2015 Jul 1; 62 (1): 123-7.

ObjectiveArteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are associated with improved long-term outcomes but longer maturation times and higher primary failure rates compared with arteriovenous grafts (AVGs). The Fistula First Breakthrough Initiative has recently emphasized tunneled dialysis catheter (TDC) avoidance. We sought to characterize the relationship of AVFs and AVGs to the use of TDCs as well as secondary procedures.MethodsUsing the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) database, we identified incident hemodialysis (HD) patients in 2005 that started HD with a TDC and survived at least 1 year. We then monitored them through 2008. Access creation, TDC removal, TDC placement, and secondary procedures were identified by Current Procedural Terminology codes (American Medical Association, Chicago, Ill). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for the primary end points.ResultsIn 2005, HD was initiated in 56,495 patients, 74% with a TDC. Of these, 6286 had an access procedure ≤3 months and 1 year of follow-up (AVF, 4634; AVG, 1652). Mean age was 67.7 years (AVF, 67.3; AVG, 68.7 years; P < .001), 53.3% were men (AVF, 58.1%; AVG, 40.5%; P < .001), and 33.8% were obese (AVF, 33.6%; AVG, 34.4%; P = not significant). AVG placement was associated with a higher TDC removal at 1 (7.9% vs 3.1%; P < .001), 3 (47.8% vs 17.8%; P < .001), and 6 (60.6% vs 47.2%; P < .001) months. There was no difference at 9 months (AVG, 64.9% vs AVF, 62.3%; P = .06). The median time to TDC removal was lower in the AVG group (70 days vs 155 days; P < .001). Multivariable model found AVFs were associated with decreased odds of TDC removal at 3 (odds ratio, 0.22; P < .001) and 6 months (odds ratio, 0.54; P < .001). AVGs required more secondary procedures than AVFs at all time points up to 1 year and specifically had increased thrombectomy procedures (39.8% vs 11.5%; P < .001).ConclusionsIn patients starting dialysis with a TDC, AVGs are associated with increased TDC removal and fewer catheter days compared with AVFs at up to 6 months. However, AVGs require more secondary procedures at all time points up to 1 year.Copyright © 2015 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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