• Elaine Gilfoyle, Deanna A Koot, John C Annear, Farhan Bhanji, Adam Cheng, Jonathan P Duff, Vincent J Grant, Cecilia E St George-Hyslop, Nicole J Delaloye, Afrothite Kotsakis, Carolyn D McCoy, Christa E Ramsay, Matthew J Weiss, Ronald D Gottesman, and Teams4Kids Investigators and the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group.
• 1KidSIM-ASPIRE Simulation Research Program, Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 2Respiratory Therapy Program, New Brunswick Community College, Fredericton, NB, Canada. 3Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Medical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. 4Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. 5Paediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Sick Kids Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. 6Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sick Kids Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. 7Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists, Ottawa, ON, Canada. 8Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada. 9Division of Paediatric Critical Care, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2017 Feb 1; 18 (2): e62-e69.

ObjectivesTo measure the effect of a 1-day team training course for pediatric interprofessional resuscitation team members on adherence to Pediatric Advanced Life Support guidelines, team efficiency, and teamwork in a simulated clinical environment.DesignMulticenter prospective interventional study.SettingFour tertiary-care children's hospitals in Canada from June 2011 to January 2015.SubjectsInterprofessional pediatric resuscitation teams including resident physicians, ICU nurse practitioners, registered nurses, and registered respiratory therapists (n = 300; 51 teams).InterventionsA 1-day simulation-based team training course was delivered, involving an interactive lecture, group discussions, and four simulated resuscitation scenarios, each followed by a debriefing. The first scenario of the day (PRE) was conducted prior to any team training. The final scenario of the day (POST) was the same scenario, with a slightly modified patient history. All scenarios included standardized distractors designed to elicit and challenge specific teamwork behaviors.Measurements And Main ResultsPrimary outcome measure was change (before and after training) in adherence to Pediatric Advanced Life Support guidelines, as measured by the Clinical Performance Tool. Secondary outcome measures were as follows: 1) change in times to initiation of chest compressions and defibrillation and 2) teamwork performance, as measured by the Clinical Teamwork Scale. Correlation between Clinical Performance Tool and Clinical Teamwork Scale scores was also analyzed. Teams significantly improved Clinical Performance Tool scores (67.3-79.6%; p < 0.0001), time to initiation of chest compressions (60.8-27.1 s; p < 0.0001), time to defibrillation (164.8-122.0 s; p < 0.0001), and Clinical Teamwork Scale scores (56.0-71.8%; p < 0.0001). A positive correlation was found between Clinical Performance Tool and Clinical Teamwork Scale (R = 0.281; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsParticipation in a simulation-based team training educational intervention significantly improved surrogate measures of clinical performance, time to initiation of key clinical tasks, and teamwork during simulated pediatric resuscitation. A positive correlation between clinical and teamwork performance suggests that effective teamwork improves clinical performance of resuscitation teams.

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