• Claudia Mannini, Federico Lavorini, Alessandro Zanasi, Federico Saibene, Luigi Lanata, and Giovanni Fontana.
• Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
• Chest. 2017 Jun 1; 151 (6): 1288-1294.

BackgroundCough is produced by the same neuronal pool implicated in respiratory rhythm generation, and antitussive drugs acting at the central level, such as opioids, may depress ventilation. Levodropropizine is classified as a nonopioid peripherally acting antitussive drug that acts at the level of airway sensory nerves. However, the lack of a central action by levodropropizine remains to be fully established. We set out to compare the effects of levodropropizine and the opioid antitussive agent dihydrocodeine on the respiratory responses to a conventional CO2 rebreathing test in patients with chronic cough of any origin.MethodsTwenty-four outpatients (aged 39-70 years) with chronic cough were studied. On separate runs, each patient was randomly administered 60 mg levodropropizine, 15 mg dihydrocodeine, or a matching placebo. Subsequently, patients breathed a mixture of 93% oxygen and 7% CO2 for 5 min. Fractional end-tidal CO2 (Fetco2) and inspiratory minute ventilation (V˙i) were continuously monitored. Changes in breathing pattern variables were also assessed.ResultsAt variance with dihydrocodeine, levodropropizine and placebo did not affect respiratory responses to hypercapnia (P < .01). The ventilatory increases by hypercapnia were mainly accounted for by a rise in the volume components of the breathing pattern.ConclusionsThe results are consistent with a peripheral action by levodropropizine; the assessment of ventilatory responses to CO2 may represent a useful tool to investigate the central respiratory effects of antitussive agents.Trial RegistryEuropean Union Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT No.: 2013-004735-68); URL: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/.Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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