• Julien Haroche, Fleur Cohen-Aubart, Barret J Rollins, Jean Donadieu, Frédéric Charlotte, Ahmed Idbaih, Augusto Vaglio, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Jean-François Emile, and Zahir Amoura.
• Service de Médecine Interne 2, Centre National de Référence Maladies Auto Immunes Systémiques Rares, Institut E3M, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. Electronic address: julien.haroche@aphp.fr.
• Lancet Oncol. 2017 Feb 1; 18 (2): e113-e125.

AbstractHistiocytoses are disorders characterised by inflammation and the accumulation of cells derived from the monocyte and macrophage lineages, which results in tissue damage. Although they are often considered rare disorders with protean clinical manifestations, considerable advances in the understanding of their genetics have led to increased clinical recognition of these conditions, and fuelled further insights into their pathogenesis. In this Review, we describe insights into the cells of origin, molecular pathology, clinical features, and treatment strategies for some of the most common histiocytic disorders, including Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Erdheim-Chester disease, and Rosai-Dorfman disease. With the discovery of recurrent mutations affecting the mitogen-activated protein kinase and mTOR-AKT pathways in some of these histiocytoses, our understanding of these diseases has now evolved from the concept of a primary inflammatory condition to that of a clonal neoplastic disease. This understanding has led to the development of effective mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for patients with histiocytic diseases.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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