• Sylvain Isnardon, Marc Vinclair, Celine Genty, Amelie Hebrard, Pierre Albaladejo, and Jean-Francois Payen.
• Pôle d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, the Centre de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Michallon, CHU de Grenoble et UJF-Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France.
• Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2013 Jul 1;30(7):429-34.

ContextPupillary reflex dilation appears to be a reliable indicator of response to noxious stimulation even under general anaesthesia. The ability of pupillometry to detect the effects of extremity blocks during continuous infusion of opioids remains unknown.ObjectiveTo explore the performance of pupillometry to detect differences in pupillary reflex dilation response to a standardised noxious stimulus applied to each leg following unilateral popliteal sciatic nerve block during continuous infusion of remifentanil.DesignProspective, observational study.SettingUniversity hospital anaesthesia department, between June 2010 and December 2010.PatientsTwenty-four adult patients undergoing elective foot or ankle surgery under general anaesthesia who requested a peripheral nerve block. Unilateral popliteal sciatic nerve block with 0.75% ropivacaine and 1% lidocaine was performed awake. General anaesthesia was maintained with steady-state infusions of propofol and remifentanil.Main Outcome MeasureVideo-based pupillometer was used to determine pupillary reflex dilation during tetanic stimulation (60 m, 100 Hz) applied to the skin area innervated by the sciatic nerve for 5 s after the onset of general anaesthesia.ResultsSensory nerve block led to a blunted maximal pupillary reflex dilation response to noxious stimulation compared with the non-blocked leg: median (interquartile range) change from baseline 2% (1 to 4%) versus 17% (13 to 24%), respectively (P < 0.01). The differences in the response persisted throughout the 5-s stimulus and the recovery phase.ConclusionThese results are a proof of concept. The effects of peripheral nerve block can be detected via the measurement of pupillary reflex dilation response to noxious stimulation of the skin in patients receiving remifentanil.

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