• Chi Wai Cheung, Ching Wong Stanley Sau SS Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, Dept of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong., Qiu Qiu, and Xianyu Wang.
• Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, Dept of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong.
• Pain Physician. 2017 Feb 1; 20 (2S): SE33-SE52.

BackgroundOpioids are the mainstay of pain management for acute postsurgical pain. Oral oxycodone is an opioid that can provide effective acute postoperative pain relief.ObjectivesTo evaluate the use of oral oxycodone for acute postoperative pain management.Study DesignThis is a narrative review based on published articles searched in PubMed and Medline from 2003 to 2015 on oral oxycodone for acute postoperative pain management.MethodsClinical trials related to the use of oral oxycodone for acute postoperative pain management were searched via PubMed and Medline from 2003 to 2015. The search terms used were "oral strong opioids," "postsurgical," "postoperative," "post-surgical," and "post-operative." Treatment interventions were compared for analgesic efficacy, rescue medication use, side effects, recovery, length of hospital stay, and patient satisfaction.ResultsThere were 26 clinical trials included in the review. Oral oxycodone showed superior postoperative analgesic efficacy compared with placebo in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, abdominal or pelvic surgery, bunionectomy, breast surgery, and spine surgery. When compared with intravenous opioids, oral oxycodone provided better or comparable pain relief following knee arthroplasty, spine surgery, caesarean section, laparoscopic colorectal surgery, and cardiac surgery. One study of dental postsurgery pain reported inferior pain control with oral oxycodone versus rofecoxib. (withdrawn from the US market due to cardiac safety concerns). In many studies, the demand for rescue analgesia and total opioid consumption were reduced in the oxycodone treatment arm. Patients receiving oral oxycodone experienced fewer opioid-related side effects than those on other opioids, and had a similar occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting as patients on placebo. Furthermore, oral oxycodone did not prolong hospital stay and was associated with lower drug costs compared with epidural and intravenous analgesics. Oxycodone administered as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen produced superior pain relief with fewer side effects and a reduced hospital stay.LimitationsThere is a limited number of randomized double blinded studies in individual surgical operations, thus making it more difficult to come up with definitive conclusions.ConclusionOral oxycodone appears to offer safe and effective postoperative analgesia, and is a well-accepted and reasonable alternative to standard intravenous opioid analgesics.Key words: Postoperative, pain, analgesia, oral oxycodone, opioid.

This article appears in the collection: Oxycodone.

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