• Ana Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Juan José Egea-Guerrero, Elena Gordillo-Escobar, Judy Enamorado-Enamorado, Conary Hernández-García, Zaida Ruiz de Azúa-López, Ángel Vilches-Arenas, Juan Miguel Guerrero, and Francisco Murillo-Cabezas.
• a NeuroCritical Care Unit , Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, IBIS/CSIC/University of Seville , Seville , Spain.
• Neurol. Res. 2016 Feb 1; 38 (2): 130-7.

ObjectiveTo determine temporal profile and prognostic ability of S100B protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) for prediction of short/long-term mortality in patients suffering from severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).MethodsNinety-nine patients with sTBI were included in the study. Blood samples were drawn on admission and on subsequent 24, 48, 72, and 96 h.Results15.2% of patients died in NeuroCritical Care Unit, and 19.2% died within 6 months of the accident. S100B concentrations were significantly higher in patients who died compared to survivors. NSE levels were different between groups just at 48 h. In the survival group, S100B levels decreased from 1st to 5th sample (p < 0.001); NSE just from 1st to 3rd (p < 0.001) and then stabilized. Values of S100B and NSE in non-survival patients did not significantly vary over the four days post sTBI. ROC-analysis showed that all S100B samples were useful tools for predicting mortality, the best the 72 h sample (AUC 0.848 for discharge mortality, 0.855 for six-month mortality). NSE ROC-analysis indicated that just the 48-h sample predicted mortality (AUC 0.733 for discharge mortality, 0.720 for six-month mortality).ConclusionS100B protein showed higher prognostic capacity than NSE to predict short/long-term mortality in sTBI patients.

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