• Emir Festic, Gordon E Carr, Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, Richard F Hinds, Valerie Banner-Goodspeed, Vikas Bansal, Adijat T Asuni, Daniel Talmor, Govindarajan Rajagopalan, Ryan D Frank, Ognjen Gajic, Michael A Matthay, and Joseph E Levitt.
• 1Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL. 2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. 3Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. 4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. 5Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA. 6Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. 7Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. 8Department of Health-Science Research/Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL. 9Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
• Crit. Care Med. 2017 May 1; 45 (5): 798805798-805.

ObjectivesEffective pharmacologic treatments directly targeting lung injury in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome are lacking. Early treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and beta agonists may reduce progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome by reducing lung inflammation and enhancing alveolar fluid clearance.DesignDouble-blind, randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01783821). The primary outcome was longitudinal change in oxygen saturation divided by the FIO2 (S/F) through day 5. We also analyzed categorical change in S/F by greater than 20%. Other outcomes included need for mechanical ventilation and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome.SettingFive academic centers in the United States.PatientsAdult patients admitted through the emergency department at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome.InterventionsAerosolized budesonide/formoterol versus placebo bid for up to 5 days.Measurements And Main ResultsSixty-one patients were enrolled from September 3, 2013, to June 9, 2015. Median time from presentation to first study drug was less than 9 hours. More patients in the control group had shock at enrollment (14 vs 3 patients). The longitudinal increase in S/F was greater in the treatment group (p = 0.02) and independent of shock (p = 0.04). Categorical change in S/F improved (p = 0.01) but not after adjustment for shock (p = 0.15). More patients in the placebo group developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (7 vs 0) and required mechanical ventilation (53% vs 21%).ConclusionsEarly treatment with inhaled budesonide/formoterol in patients at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome is feasible and improved oxygenation as assessed by S/F. These results support further study to test the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids and beta agonists for prevention of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

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