• Jeffrey S Upperman, Jacques Lacroix, Martha A Q Curley, Paul A Checchia, Daniel W Lee, Kenneth R Cooke, and Robert F Tamburro.
• 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. 2Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. 3School of Nursing, Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 4Sections of Critical Care and Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX. 5Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. 6Department of Oncology, Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. 7Pediatric Trauma and Critical Illness Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2017 Mar 1; 18 (3_suppl Suppl 1): S50S57S50-S57.

ObjectiveTo describe a number of the conditions associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome presented as part of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development multiple organ dysfunction syndrome workshop (March 26-27, 2015).Data SourcesLiterature review, research data, and expert opinion.Study SelectionNot applicable.Data ExtractionModerated by an expert from the field, issues relevant to the association of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with a variety of conditions were presented, discussed, and debated with a focus on identifying knowledge gaps and research priorities.Data SynthesisSummary of presentations and discussion supported and supplemented by the relevant literature.ConclusionsThere is a wide range of medical conditions associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in children. Traditionally, sepsis and trauma are the two conditions most commonly associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome both in children and adults. However, there are a number of other pathophysiologic processes that may result in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In this article, we discuss conditions such as cancer, congenital heart disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. In addition, the relationship between multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and clinical therapies such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and cardiopulmonary bypass is also considered. The purpose of this article is to describe the association of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with a variety of conditions in an attempt to identify similarities, differences, and opportunities for therapeutic intervention.

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