• Kollengode Ramanathan, Chuen Seng Tan, Peter Rycus, and Graeme MacLaren.
• 1Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit, National University Heart Center, Singapore. 2Swee Saw Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore. 3Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation, Ann Arbor, MI.
• Crit. Care Med. 2017 May 1; 45 (5): 814-821.

ObjectivesExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a rescue therapy used to support severe cardiorespiratory failure. Data on outcomes from severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults receiving rescue extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are mainly confined to single-center experiences or specific pathogens. We examined data from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation registry to identify risk factors for poor outcomes in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia.DesignRetrospective data analysis.SettingExtracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry database.PatientsWe collected deidentified data on adult patients (> 18 yr) receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for community-acquired pneumonia between 2002 and 2012. Patients with incomplete data or brain death were excluded. The primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. Other measurements included demographic information, pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation mechanical ventilation and biochemical variables, inotrope requirements, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation mode, duration, and complications. Initial univariate analysis assessed potential associations between survival and various pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation factors. Variables with p values of less than 0.1 were considered for logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of mortality.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main FindingsOne thousand fifty-five patients, who satisfied inclusion criteria, were included in the final analysis. There was an increase in the number of patients cannulated per annum over the 10-year period studied. Univariate analysis identified pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation variables associated with high mortality. Further multiple regression analysis identified certain pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation factors as predictors of mortality, including duration of mechanical ventilation prior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, lower arterial pressure, fungal pneumonia, and advancing age. Type and duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, neurologic complications, and presence of more than three complications on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were also associated with higher mortality.ConclusionsThe majority (66%) of adults with community-acquired pneumonia supported on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survived. Certain potentially modifiable risk factors were associated with increased mortality.

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