• Tae Nyoung Chung, Jin Hee Kim, Bo Young Choi, Ju-Yeon Jeong, Sung Phil Chung, Sung Won Kwon, and Sang Won Suh.
• 1Department of Emergency Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea. 2Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea. 3Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea. 4Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 5Department of Surgery, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.
• Crit. Care Med. 2017 May 1; 45 (5): e508-e515.

ObjectivesGlobal cerebral ischemia is a cause of poor prognosis after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Various attempts have been made to minimize global cerebral ischemia but none been more effective than mild hypothermia induction. A few studies have shown the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on global cerebral ischemia, but no studies have compared this effect with mild hypothermia or assessed any possible interaction. We aimed to show the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on delayed neuronal death after global cerebral ischemia and to compare this effect with mild hypothermia.DesignExperimental study.SettingAnimal research laboratory.SubjectsAdult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g.InterventionsRats were subjected to 7 minutes of transient global cerebral ischemia and randomized into four groups: control, mild hypothermia, injection of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and combined application of mild hypothermia and mesenchymal stem cells, along with four sham groups treated identically. Rats were euthanized 7 days after global cerebral ischemia.Measurements And Main ResultsDegree of neuronal death in hippocampus was significantly higher in control than in other groups. The number of activated microglia was higher in control group than in other groups and was higher in mild hypothermia than shams, mesenchymal stem cells, mild hypothermia/mesenchymal stem cells. Degree of blood-brain barrier disruption and the count of infiltrated neutrophils were significantly higher in control than in other groups. Degree of oxidative injury was significantly higher in control than other groups. It was higher in mild hypothermia than sham groups, mesenchymal stem cells, mild hypothermia/mesenchymal stem cells and was higher in mesenchymal stem cells group than sham groups. Significantly, worse functional results were found in control than in other groups.ConclusionsAdministration of mesenchymal stem cells after transient global cerebral ischemia has a prominent protective effect on delayed neuron death, even compared with mild hypothermia.

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