• Katherine E Kruse, Prashant J Purohit, C Ross Cadman, Felice Su, Nima Aghaeepour, and Gregory B Hammer.
• 1Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA. 2Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, Honolulu, HI. 3Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA. 4Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway Township, NJ.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2017 May 1; 18 (5): 429-433.

ObjectivesTo determine the 1) incidence of subglottic stenosis in infants and children following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and 2) risk factors associated with its development.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary children's hospital in California.PatientsInfants and children who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.InterventionsDiagnosis of subglottic stenosis by tracheoscopy.Measurements And Main ResultsThe incidence of subglottic stenosis at our institution during the study period was 0.7%. Young age (p = 0.014), prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (p = 0.03), and prolonged mechanical ventilation (p < 0.01) were associated with the development of subglottic stenosis. Gender, chromosomal anomaly, presence of a cuffed endotracheal tube, and lowest core temperature during cardiopulmonary bypass were not associated with the development of subglottic stenosis.ConclusionsThe incidence of subglottic stenosis was less than that previously reported in this population. Although the incidence is relatively low, subglottic stenosis is a serious complication of tracheal intubation and all measures to prevent subglottic stenosis should be undertaken.

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