• Bradley D Freeman.
• Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8109, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: freemanb@wustl.edu.
• Crit Care Clin. 2017 Apr 1; 33 (2): 311-322.

AbstractTracheostomy remains one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the setting of acute respiratory failure. Tracheostomy literature focuses on 2 aspects of this procedure: when (timing) and how (technique). Recent trials have failed to demonstrate an effect of tracheostomy timing on most clinically important endpoints. Nonetheless, relative to continued translaryngeal intubation, studies suggest that tracheostomy use is associated with less need for sedation and enhanced patient comfort. Evidence likewise suggests that percutaneous dilational tracheostomy is advantageous with respect to cost and complication profile and should be considered the preferred approach in appropriately selected patients.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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