• Yoshihisa Matsumoto, Jun Mizutani, Nobuyuki Suzuki, Seiji Otsuka, Kazuo Hayakawa, Muneyoshi Fukuoka, and Ikuo Wada.
• Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
• World Neurosurg. 2017 Jun 1; 102: 696.e1-696.e6.

BackgroundThe primary treatment strategy for chronic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (chro-AARF) is traction followed by bracing or application of a halo device. However, to complete these conservative therapies, patient cooperation is mandatory. If conservative therapy fails, surgery is required for reduction and prevention of recurrence. It has been considered that surgery for atlantoaxial rotatory fixation necessitates solid bony fusion. However, once bony fusion is achieved, loss of range of motion is problematic. Here, we report a patient with chro-AARF who was successfully treated with temporary internal fixation using a C1 lateral mass screw and C2 pedicle screw (Goel-Harms technique) without any grafting of bone or use of bone substitute materials.Case DescriptionA 9-year-old boy with chro-AARF was referred to our institution. He had a history of pervasive developmental disorders. He did not cooperate for the completion of conservative therapy and could not tolerate this therapy. Therefore, the orthopedic staff and his parents considered surgery. Under general anesthesia, reduction was easily performed. The Goel-Harms screw-rod construct was completed as a temporary internal fixator without any grafting of bone or use of bone substitute materials. After 6 months, the screw-rod construct was removed. Removal of the screw-rod construct was performed easily without complication. There was no ankylosis of the C1-2 joint, and cervical range of motion was maintained 2.8 years after removal of the construct.ConclusionsWhen conservative therapy cannot be continued, Goel-Harms surgery as a temporary internal fixator without bone grafting might be a suitable alternative for selected patients with chro-AARF.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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