• Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2017

    Review

    Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.

    • Tetsuya Akaishi, Ichiro Nakashima, Douglas Kazutoshi Sato, Toshiyuki Takahashi, and Kazuo Fujihara.
    • Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
    • Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. 2017 May 1; 27 (2): 251-265.

    AbstractNeuromyelitis optica (NMO) is clinically characterized by severe optic neuritis and transverse myelitis, but recent studies with anti-aquaporin-4-antibody specific to NMO have revealed that the clinical spectrum is wider than previously thought. International consensus diagnostic criteria propose NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD) as the term to define the entire spectrum including typical NMO, optic neuritis, acute myelitis, brain syndrome, and their combinations. NMOSD is now divided into anti-aquaporin-4-antibody-seropositive NMOSD and -seronegative NMOSD (or unknown serostatus). MR imaging and optical coherence tomography are indispensable in the diagnosis and evaluation of NMOSD. This article reviews the clinical and MR imaging findings of anti-aquaporin-4-antibody-seropositive and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody-seropositive NMOSD.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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