• Seung-Yong Jeong, Ji Won Park, Byung Ho Nam, Sohee Kim, Sung-Bum Kang, Seok-Byung Lim, Hyo Seong Choi, Duck-Woo Kim, Hee Jin Chang, Dae Yong Kim, Kyung Hae Jung, Tae-You Kim, Gyeong Hoon Kang, Eui Kyu Chie, Sun Young Kim, Dae Kyung Sohn, Dae-Hyun Kim, Jae-Sung Kim, Hye Seung Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, and Jae Hwan Oh.
• Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Colorectal Cancer Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
• Lancet Oncol.. 2014 Jun 1;15(7):767-74.

BackgroundCompared with open resection, laparoscopic resection of rectal cancers is associated with improved short-term outcomes, but high-level evidence showing similar long-term outcomes is scarce. We aimed to compare survival outcomes of laparoscopic surgery with open surgery for patients with mid-rectal or low-rectal cancer.MethodsThe Comparison of Open versus laparoscopic surgery for mid or low REctal cancer After Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (COREAN) trial was an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial done between April 4, 2006, and Aug 26, 2009, at three centres in Korea. Patients (aged 18-80 years) with cT3N0-2M0 mid-rectal or low-rectal cancer who had received preoperative chemoradiotherapy were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either open or laparoscopic surgery. Randomisation was stratified by sex and preoperative chemotherapy regimen. Investigators were masked to the randomisation sequence; patients and clinicians were not masked to the treatment assignments. The primary endpoint was 3 year disease-free survival, with a non-inferiority margin of 15%. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT0040951.FindingsWe randomly assigned 340 patients to receive either open surgery (n=170) or laparoscopic surgery (n=170). 3 year disease-free survival was 72·5% (95% CI 65·0-78·6) for the open surgery group and 79·2% (72·3-84·6) for the laparoscopic surgery group, with a difference that was lower than the prespecified non-inferiority margin (-6·7%, 95% CI -15·8 to 2·4; p<0·0001). 25 (15%) patients died in the open group and 20 (12%) died in the laparoscopic group. No deaths were treatment related.InterpretationOur results show that laparoscopic resection for locally advanced rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy provides similar outcomes for disease-free survival as open resection, thus justifying its use.FundingNational Cancer Center, South Korea.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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