• Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. · May 2017

    Review

    Frostbite.

    • Charles Handford, Owen Thomas, and Christopher H E Imray.
    • 2 Medical Regiment, St George' s Barracks, North Luffenham, Oakham, Rutland, LE15 8RL, UK. Electronic address: charleshandford@hotmail.co.uk.
    • Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. 2017 May 1; 35 (2): 281-299.

    AbstractDeep frostbite is a thermal injury associated with significant morbidity. Historically, this has been associated with military personnel; however, increasingly it is becoming an injury that afflicts the civilian population. The use of intravenous iloprost or intra-arterial thrombolytics has led to promising tissue salvage. This article provides an up-to-date understanding of frostbite pathophysiology, classification, prevention, and management. It also highlights the role of telemedicine in optimizing patient outcomes. To further the understanding of optimal frostbite management, larger, likely multicenter, high-quality trials are required. An international frostbite register would facilitate data gathering.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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