• Leonardo A Frizon, Olivia Hogue, Connor Wathen, Erin Yamamoto, Navin C Sabharwal, Jaes Jones, Josephine Volovetz, Andres L Maldonado-Naranjo, Darlene A Lobel, Andre G Machado, and Sean J Nagel.
• Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• Neuromodulation. 2017 Jul 1; 20 (5): 444-449.

IntroductionDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-recognized treatment for patients with movement disorders and other neurological diseases. The implantable pulse generator (IPG) is a fundamental component of the DBS system. Although IPG implantation and replacement surgeries are comparatively minor procedures relative to the brain lead insertion, patients often require multiple IPG replacements during their lifetime with each operation carrying a small but possibly cumulative risk of complications. To better educate our patients and improve surgical outcomes, we reviewed our series of patients at our institution.MethodsUsing electronic health record data, we retrospectively reviewed all initial and subsequent IPG surgeries from patients who underwent at least one IPG surgery between the years of 2010 and 2015 at the Cleveland Clinic main campus. We calculated infection rates for initial IPG implantation surgeries and the infection rate for subsequent replacements. Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the chance of an infection between the initial implantation and replacement. Fisher's exact tests and simple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the predictive ability of selected demographic and clinical variables RESULTS: Our final sample included 697 patients and 1537 surgeries. For all patients, the infection rate at the first surgery was 2.01%; at the second surgery, it was 0.44%; and at the third surgery, it was 1.83%. When considering only patients that underwent at least three replacement surgeries (n = 114) the infection rate did not change in a significant manner with subsequent interventions compared to the first replacement. No other variable of interest was a significant predictor of infection.ConclusionWe did not find increasing rates of infection with subsequent IPG replacement procedures.© 2017 International Neuromodulation Society.

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