• Frits van Rhee, Raymond S Wong, Nikhil Munshi, Jean-Francois Rossi, Xiao-Yan Ke, Alexander Fosså, David Simpson, Marcelo Capra, Ting Liu, Ruey Kuen Hsieh, Yeow Tee Goh, Jun Zhu, Seok-Goo Cho, Hanyun Ren, James Cavet, Rajesh Bandekar, Margaret Rothman, Thomas A Puchalski, Manjula Reddy, Helgi van de Velde, Jessica Vermeulen, and Corey Casper.
• Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA. Electronic address: vanrheefrits@uams.edu.
• Lancet Oncol. 2014 Aug 1; 15 (9): 966-74.

BackgroundMulticentric Castleman's disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder driven by dysregulated production of interleukin 6. No randomised trials have been done to establish the best treatment for the disease. We assessed the safety and efficacy of siltuximab-a chimeric monoclonal antibody against interleukin 6-in HIV-negative patients with multicentric Castleman's disease.MethodsWe did this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study at 38 hospitals in 19 countries worldwide. We enrolled HIV-negative and human herpesvirus-8-seronegative patients with symptomatic multicentric Castleman's disease. Treatment allocation was randomised with a computer-generated list, with block size six, and stratification by baseline corticosteroid use. Patients and investigators were masked to treatment allocation. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to siltuximab (11 mg/kg intravenous infusion every 3 weeks) or placebo; all patients also received best supportive care. Patients continued treatment until treatment failure. The primary endpoint was durable tumour and symptomatic response for at least 18 weeks for the intention-to-treat population. Enrolment has been completed. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01024036.FindingsWe screened 140 patients, 79 of whom were randomly assigned to siltuximab (n=53) or placebo (n=26). Durable tumour and symptomatic responses occurred in 18 (34%) of 53 patients in the siltuximab group and none of 26 in the placebo group (difference 34·0%, 95% CI 11·1-54·8, p=0·0012). The incidence of grade 3 or more adverse events (25 [47%] vs 14 [54%]) and serious adverse events (12 [23%] vs five [19%]) was similar in each group despite longer median treatment duration with siltuximab than with placebo (375 days [range 1-1031] vs 152 days [23-666]). The most common grade 3 or higher were fatigue (five vs one), night sweats (four vs one), and anaemia (one vs three). Three (6%) of 53 patients had serious adverse events judged reasonably related to siltuximab (lower respiratory tract infection, anaphylactic reaction, sepsis).InterpretationSiltuximab plus best supportive care was superior to best supportive care alone for patients with symptomatic multicentric Castleman's disease and well tolerated with prolonged exposure. Siltuximab is an important new treatment option for this disease.FundingJanssen Research & Development.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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