• Neil A Hagen, Lyne Cantin, John Constant, Tina Haller, Gilbert Blaise, May Ong-Lam, Patrick du Souich, Walter Korz, and Bernard Lapointe.
• Tom Baker Cancer Centre and Division of Palliative Medicine, University of Calgary, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N4N2.
• Pain Res Manag. 2017 Jan 1; 2017: 7212713.

ObjectiveThis study evaluated subcutaneous injections of tetrodotoxin (TTX) for the treatment of moderate to severe, inadequately controlled cancer-related pain.MethodsEligible patients were randomized to receive TTX (30 μg) or placebo subcutaneously twice daily for four consecutive days. Efficacy was assessed using pain and composite endpoints (including pain and quality of life measures), and safety was evaluated using standard measures.Results165 patients were enrolled at 19 sites in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, with 149 patients in the primary analysis "intent-to-treat" population. The primary analysis supports a clinical benefit of TTX over placebo based on the pain endpoint alone with a clinically significant estimated effect size of 16.2% (p = 0.0460). The p value was nominally statistically significant after prespecified (Bonferroni Holm) adjustment for the two primary endpoints but not at the prespecified two-sided 5% level. The mean duration of analgesic response was 56.7 days (TTX) and 9.9 days (placebo). Most common adverse events were nausea, dizziness, and oral numbness or tingling and were generally mild to moderate and transient.ConclusionsAlthough underpowered, this study demonstrates a clinically important analgesic signal. TTX may provide clinically meaningful analgesia for patients who have persistent moderate to severe cancer pain despite best analgesic care. This clinical study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00725114).

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