• Ardie Pack-Mabien and Johnson Haynes.
• University of South Alabama Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, 2451 Fillingim Street, MCSB1530, Mobile, AL 36617, USA. amabien@usouthal.edu
• J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2009 May 1; 21 (5): 250-7.

PurposeTo familiarize primary care providers (PCPs) with the pathophysiological processes, diagnostic evaluation, and medical management of sickle hemoglobinopathies and their complications. Current standards of care, clinical research advances, and new treatment options will also be addressed to assist PCPs in the management of sickle cell disease (SCD).Data SourcesA selective search and review of the current literature on SCD and the authors' experience.ConclusionsManagement of individuals with SCD is very complex, requiring a multidisciplinary approach that includes the patient or parent, PCP, specialist, nurse, and social worker. More patients living with SCD are relying on PCPs in nonspecialty practices for comprehensive disease management.Implications For PracticeNewborn screening detects new cases of SCD annually. The median life expectancy has more than doubled for individuals with sickle cell anemia. Healthcare providers are now in an era of increased routine screening, assessment, and management of chronic complications from this illness not previously seen in the care of adults with SCD.

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