• Kay-Cheong Teo, Gary K K Lau, Ryan H Y Mak, Ho-Yan Leung, Richard S K Chang, Man-Yu Tse, Raymand Lee, Leung Gilberto K K GKK Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong., Shu-Leong Ho, Cheung Raymond T F RTF University Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Research Center of Heart, , David C W Siu, and Koon-Ho Chan.
• University Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
• World Neurosurg. 2017 Oct 1; 106: 85-91.

BackgroundAntiplatelet resumption in patients who developed intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) while on antiplatelet therapy (antiplatelet-related ICH) represents an important medical dilemma. We aimed to study the long-term cardiovascular outcomes of antiplatelet-related ICH survivors, and the risk of recurrent ICH with antiplatelet resumption.MethodsThis was an observational study of 109 antiplatelet-related ICH survivors. The clinical end points were recurrent ICH, ischemic vascular events, and vascular death (fatal ICH or ischemic vascular events). Predictors of recurrent ICH and vascular death were derived using a multivariable Cox regression model.ResultsThe median duration of follow-up was 3.5 years (interquartile range, 1.6-5.8 years). Ischemic vascular events were more common than recurrent ICHs (6.8 per 100 patient-years vs. 2.6 per 100 patient-years; P = 0.028). Antiplatelet use was not associated with an elevated risk of recurrent ICH (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-4.62). A mean follow-up systolic blood pressure of >140 mmHg increased the risk of both recurrent ICH (HR, 4.28; 95% CI, 1.01-18.11) and vascular death (HR, 11.14; 95% CI, 2.72-45.62). Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) was an independent predictor for recurrent ICH (HR, 24.34; 95% CI, 2.80-211.47).ConclusionsAntiplatelet resumption after antiplatelet-related ICH did not appear to carry a clinically significant risk of recurrent ICH, whereas inadequate blood pressure control and CAA contributed to a more robust risk. Antiplatelet resumption should be considered, especially in survivors with adequate blood pressure control and without CAA.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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