• Birgitte Goldschmidt Mertz, Helle M Duriaud, Niels Kroman, and Kenneth G Andersen.
• Department of Breast Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: birgitte.mertz@rh.regionh.dk.
• Pain Manag Nurs. 2017 Oct 1; 18 (5): 309-317.

AbstractDuctal carcinoma in situ is a noninvasive precancer condition. The treatment resembles the treatment of invasive breast cancer. The aim of this exploratory study was to gain knowledge on the level of postoperative pain, sensory disturbances, and distress among a small group of Danish women with ductal carcinoma in situ who had sentinel lymph node biopsy in order to plan a population study. A subgroup of patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 20) was compared to patients with invasive breast cancer (n = 455) at time of diagnosis and after 12 months. Six patients were interviewed on the impact of the diagnosis and life after treatment. We found no significant difference in reported sensory disturbances or pain after 12 months between the groups. More than one-third (39%) of ductal carcinoma in situ patients reported moderate to severe distress (≥ 7 on the Distress Thermometer) at time of diagnosis decreasing to 10% after 12 months. Similarly 36% of breast cancer patients reported distress at time of diagnosis and 10% after 12 months. Interviews confirmed that ductal carcinoma in situ patients experienced distress and also uncovered physical problems and rehabilitation needs. The study indicates that women with ductal carcinoma in situ seem to suffer from pain and distress. The study highlights the need for a large study in order to validate the findings. Additional efforts may be needed to improve patients' understanding of diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ and alleviate psychological morbidity and physical restraints related to the condition.Copyright © 2017 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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