• Antonella Conte, Isabella Berardelli, Gina Ferrazzano, Massimo Pasquini, Alfredo Berardelli, and Giovanni Fabbrini.
• Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; IRCSS Neuromed Institute, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
• Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 2016 Jan 1; 22 Suppl 1: S111-4.

AbstractDystonia is characterized by the presence of involuntary muscle contractions that cause abnormal movements and posture. Adult onset focal dystonia include cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, arm dystonia and laryngeal dystonia. Besides motor manifestations, patients with focal dystonia frequently also display non-motor signs and symptoms. In this paper, we review the evidence of sensory and psychiatric disturbances in adult patients with focal dystonia. Clinical studies and neurophysiological investigations consistently show that the sensory system is involved in dystonia. Several studies have also demonstrated that neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, are more frequent in patients with focal dystonia, whereas data on obsessive compulsive disorders are more contrasting.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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