• Alexandra S Reynolds, Xiaotao Guo, Elizabeth Matthews, Daniel Brodie, Leroy E Rabbani, David J Roh, Soojin Park, and Jan Claassen.
• Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
• Resuscitation. 2017 Aug 1; 117: 87-90.

BackgroundTraditional predictors of neurological prognosis after cardiac arrest are unreliable after targeted temperature management. Absence of pupillary reflexes remains a reliable predictor of poor outcome. Diffusion-weighted imaging has emerged as a potential predictor of recovery, and here we compare imaging characteristics to pupillary exam.MethodsWe identified 69 patients who had MRIs within seven days of arrest and used a semi-automated algorithm to perform quantitative volumetric analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) sequences at various thresholds. Area under receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC-AUC) were estimated to compare predictive values of quantitative MRI with pupillary exam at days 3, 5 and 7 post-arrest, for persistence of coma and functional outcomes at discharge. Cerebral Performance Category scores of 3-4 were considered poor outcome.ResultsExcluding patients where life support was withdrawn, ≥2.8% diffusion restriction of the entire brain at an ADC of ≤650×10-6m2/s was 100% specific and 68% sensitive for failure to wake up from coma before discharge. The ROC-AUC of ADC changes at ≤450×10-6mm2/s and ≤650×10-6mm2/s were significantly superior in predicting failure to wake up from coma compared to bilateral absence of pupillary reflexes. Among survivors, >0.01% of diffusion restriction of the entire brain at an ADC ≤450×10-6m2/s was 100% specific and 46% sensitive for poor functional outcome at discharge. The ROC curve predicting poor functional outcome at ADC ≤450×10-6mm2/s had an AUC of 0.737 (0.574-0.899, p=0.04).ConclusionPost-anoxic diffusion changes using quantitative brain MRI may aid in predicting persistent coma and poor functional outcomes at hospital discharge.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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