• Jong Hun Jun, Kyu Nam Kim, Ji Yoon Kim, and Shin Me Song.
• Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-792, Republic of Korea.
• Can J Anaesth. 2017 Sep 1; 64 (9): 947-961.

PurposeIntranasal dexmedetomidine premedication is a newly introduced method for reducing stress and anxiety before general anesthesia in children. We performed a meta-analysis to identify the effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication in children.SourceWe conducted a systematic review to find published randomized-controlled trials using intranasal dexmedetomidine as premedication. We searched databases in EMBASE™, MEDLINE®, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register using the Ovid platform. This study was conducted based on the Cochrane Review Methods.Principal FindingsThis review included 1,168 participants in 13 studies. Intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication provided more satisfactory sedation at parent separation (relative risk [RR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 1.76; P = 0.0002; I2 = 80%) than other premedication regimes. In addition, it reduced the need for rescue analgesics (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.83; P = 0.003; I2 = 0%). Nevertheless, there were no differences in sedation at mask induction (RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.59; P = 0.08; I2 =71%) or in the incidence of emergence delirium (RR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.24 to 1.13; P = 0.10; I2 = 67%). Intranasal dexmedetomidine was associated with a significantly lower incidence of nasal irritation (RR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.36; P = 0.003; I2 = 0%) and postoperative nausea and vomiting (RR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.99; P = 0.04; I2 = 0%) than other premedication treatments. It also showed significantly lower systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference [WMD], -6.7 mmHg; 95% CI, -10.5 to -2.9; P = 0.0006; I2 = 96%) and heart rate (WMD, -6.8 beats·min-1; 95% CI, -11.3 to -2.6; P = 0.002; I2 = 98%).ConclusionsIntranasal dexmedetomidine provided more satisfactory sedation at parent separation and reduced the need for rescue analgesics and the incidence of nasal irritation and postoperative nausea and vomiting when compared with other premedication treatments.

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