• Jocelyn R Grunwell, Curtis Travers, Anne G Stormorken, Patricia D Scherrer, Corrie E Chumpitazi, Jana A Stockwell, Mark G Roback, Joseph Cravero, and Pradip P Kamat.
• 1Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA. 2Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. 3Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH. 4Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX. 5Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX. 6Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN. 7Department of Anesthesia, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2017 Aug 1; 18 (8): e356-e363.

ObjectivesOutcomes associated with a sedative regimen comprised ketamine + propofol for pediatric procedural sedation outside of both the pediatric emergency department and operating room are underreported. We used the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium database to describe a multicenter experience with ketamine + propofol by pediatric sedation providers.DesignProspective observational study of children receiving IV ketamine + propofol for procedural sedation outside of the operating room and emergency department using data abstracted from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium during 2007-2015.SettingProcedural sedation services from academic, community, free-standing children's hospitals, and pediatric wards within general hospitals.PatientsChildren from birth to less than or equal to 21 years old.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsA total of 7,313 pediatric procedural sedations were performed using IV ketamine + propofol as the primary sedative regimen. Median age was 84 months (range, < 1 mo to ≤ 21 yr; interquartile range, 36-144); 80.6% were American Society of Anesthesiologists-Physical Status less than III. The majority of sedation was performed in dedicated sedation or radiology units (76.1%). Procedures were successfully completed in 99.8% of patients. Anticholinergics (glycopyrrolate and atropine) or benzodiazepines (midazolam and lorazepam) were used in 14.2% and 41.3%, respectively. The overall adverse event and serious adverse event rates were 9.79% (95% CI, 9.12-10.49%) and 3.47% (95% CI, 3.07-3.92%), respectively. No deaths occurred. Risk factors associated with an increase in odds of adverse event included ASA status greater than or equal to III, dental suite, cardiac catheterization laboratory or radiology/sedation suite location, a primary diagnosis of having a gastrointestinal illness, and the coadministration of an anticholinergic.ConclusionsUsing Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium data, we describe the diverse use of IV ketamine + propofol for procedural sedation in the largest reported cohort of children to date. Data from this study may be used to design sufficiently powered prospective randomized, double-blind studies comparing outcomes of sedation between commonly administered sedative and analgesic medication regimens.

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