• Agabe Emmy Nkusi, Severien Muneza, Steven Nshuti, David Hakizimana, Paulin Munyemana, Menelas Nkeshimana, Emmanuel Rudakemwa, and Etienne Amendezo.
• Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Service, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda.
• World Neurosurg. 2017 Oct 1; 106: 462-469.

BackgroundCerebrovascular accidents or stroke constitute the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Low- and middle-income countries bear most of the stroke burden worldwide. The main objective of this study is to determine the burden of stroke in Rwanda.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study in 2 parts: 6 months baseline data collection and outcome assessment sessions at 1 year.ResultsA total of 96 patients were enrolled in our series. Stroke constituted 2100 per 100,000 population. Of all patients, 55.2% were male and most (60%) were 55 years and older. Of all patients and/or caretakers, 22% were not aware of their previous health status and 53.5% of hypertensive patients were not on treatment by the time of the event. Median presentation delay was 72 hours for patients with ischemic stroke and 24 hours for patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Most patients had hemorrhagic stroke (65% vs. 35%), and more patients with hemorrhagic stroke presented with loss of consciousness (80% vs. 51%). Many patients (62% ischemic group and 44% hemorrhagic group) presented with severe stroke scores, and this was associated with worst outcome (P = 0.004). At 1 year follow-up, 24.7% had no or mild disability, 14.3% were significantly disabled, and 61% had died.ConclusionsOur results show that stroke is a significant public health concern in Rwanda. Risk factor awareness and control are still low and case fatality of stroke is significantly high. The significant delay in presentation to care and presentation with severe stroke are major contributors for the high mortality and severe disability rates.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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