• Ronand Ramroop, George Manase, Danny Lu, Dorin Manase, Shan Chen, Richard Kim, Teresa Lee, William T Mahle, Kimberly McHugh, Mike Mitchell, Martin Tristani-Firouzi, Stephanie B Wechsler, Nicole S Wilder, Victor Zak, Myriam Lafreniere-Roula, Jane W Newburger, J William Gaynor, Mark W Russell, and Seema Mital.
• Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2017 Nov 1; 154 (5): 1703-1710.e3.

ObjectivesAdrenergic receptor (ADR) genotypes have been associated with adverse outcomes in heart failure. Our objective was to evaluate the association of ADR genotypes with post-Norwood outcomes in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS).MethodsInfants with HLHS participating in the Pediatric Heart Network Single-Ventricle Reconstruction Trial underwent genotyping for 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 3 ADR genes: ADRB1_231A/G, ADRB1_1165G/C, ADRB2_5318C/G, and ADRA2A_2790C/T. The association of genotype with freedom from serious adverse events (SAEs) (death, transplant, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, acute shunt failure, unplanned reoperations, or necrotizing enterocolitis) during 14 months' follow-up was assessed with Cox regression and the association with post-Norwood complications was assessed with Poisson regression. Models were adjusted for clinical and surgical factors.ResultsThe study included 351 eligible patients (62% male; 83% white). The mean age at Norwood procedure was 5.6 ± 3.6 days. A total of 152 patients had SAEs during 14-month follow-up including 84 deaths and 10 transplants. ADRA2A_2790CC genotype had lower SAE-free survival compared with CT/TT genotypes during follow-up (Log rank test, P = .02), and this association was independent of clinical and surgical risk factors (adjusted Cox regression, hazard ratio 1.54 [95% confidence interval 1.04, 2.30] P = .033). Post-Norwood complication rate did not differ by genotype.ConclusionsInfants with HLHS harboring ADR genotypes that are associated with greater catecholamine release or sensitivity had lower event-free survival after staged palliation. Excess catecholamine activation may adversely affect cardiovascular adaptation after the Norwood procedure. Future studies should explore whether targeting adrenergic activation in those harboring risk genotypes can improve outcomes. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00115934).Copyright © 2017 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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