• Suvi T Vaara and Rinaldo Bellomo.
• aDepartment of Intensive Care, Department of Medicine, Austin Hospital bThe University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
• Curr Opin Crit Care. 2017 Oct 1; 23 (5): 440-446.

Purpose Of ReviewThe narrative review aims to discuss recent results and important knowledge gaps regarding acute kidney injury (AKI) in postoperative patients undergone major noncardiac surgery.Recent FindingsPostoperative AKI affects approximately one-fifth of patients after major surgery, but the incidence varies according to the type of surgery. Preexisting chronic kidney disease is a major risk factor for postoperative AKI. It carries a substantial risk for postoperative adverse outcomes, as well as long-term mortality and morbidity. To prevent postoperative AKI, avoiding intraoperative hypotension and hypoperfusion as well as nephrotoxic substances are important. Currently, no efficient pharmacotherapy for prevention or treatment of AKI is available. In general, goal-directed management protocols have reduced the incidence of postoperative AKI. Additionally, a restrictive fluid management regimen might reduce organ edema and be beneficial also for the kidney function.SummaryAKI is a frequent postoperative complication with a substantial risk for both short and long-term adverse events, and its incidence is likely to rise because of increasing major surgical procedures. Studies investigating better strategies to prevent and treat AKI in this population are urgently needed.

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