• Xinying Wang, Jianbo Yang, Feng Tian, Li Zhang, Qiucheng Lei, Tingting Jiang, Jihong Zhou, Siming Yuan, Jun Wang, Zhijian Feng, and Jieshou Li.
• Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China. Electronic address: wangxyjlh@126.com.
• J Crit Care. 2017 Dec 1; 42: 310-316.

PurposeThis time series experiments aimed to investigate the dynamic change of gut microbiomes after severe burn and its association with enteral nutrition (EN).Materials And MethodsSeven severely burned patients who suffered from a severe metal dust explosion injury were recruited in this study. The dynamic changes of gut microbiome of fecal samples at six time points (1-3days, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6weeks after severe burn) were detected using 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing technology.ResultsFollowing the post-burn temporal order, gut microbiota dysbiosis was detected in the gut microbiome after severe burn, then it was gradually resolved. The bio-diversity of gut bacteria was initially decreased, and then returned to normal level. In addition, at the early stage (from 2 to 4weeks), the majority of those patients' gut microbiome were opportunistic pathogen genus, Enterococcus and Escherichia; while at the end of this study, the majority was a beneficial genus, Bacteroides. EN can promote the recovery of gut microbiota, especially in EN well-tolerated patients.ConclusionsSevere burn injury can cause a dramatic dysbiosis of gut microbiota. A trend of enriched beneficial bacteria and diminished opportunistic pathogen bacteria may serve as prognosis microbiome biomarkers of severe burn patients.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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