• Mario F Perez, Mark L Metersky, and Andre C Kalil.
• aDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, ConnecticutbDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
• Curr Opin Crit Care. 2017 Oct 1; 23 (5): 355-363.

Purpose Of ReviewHospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia remain significant causes of morbidity, mortality, and financial burden in the United States and around the globe. Although guidelines for the management of patients with these conditions have been available for several years, implementation remains challenging. Here, we review the most common barriers faced by clinicians in implementing the current guidelines and offer suggestions for improved adherence.Recent FindingsRecent studies have identified barriers to the implementation of the guidelines regarding management of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia. The most common difficulties encountered are lack of awareness of the guidelines, practice variation among providers delivering care to affected patients, lack of antibiogram information, and lack of antibiotic stewardship programs.SummaryTranslating the current hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia guidelines to the bedside requires understanding of the current barriers affecting care of patients with these conditions. Adopting clinical guidelines facilitates the management of these patients and improves outcomes. Dissemination of the guidelines, provider education, antibiotic stewardship programs, access to local antibiogram information, audit and feedback, electronic tools and leadership commitment are likely to play important roles in guideline implementation. More studies on hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia guideline implementation are necessary to identify the most effective interventions.

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