• Raymond R Townsend, Felix Mahfoud, David E Kandzari, Kazuomi Kario, Stuart Pocock, Michael A Weber, Sebastian Ewen, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Dimitrios Tousoulis, SharpAndrew S PASPThe Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK., Anthony F Watkinson, Roland E Schmieder, Axel Schmid, James W Choi, Cara East, Anthony Walton, Ingrid Hopper, Debbie L Cohen, Robert Wilensky, David P Lee, Adrian Ma, Chandan M Devireddy, Janice P Lea, Philipp C Lurz, Karl Fengler, Justin Davies, Neil Chapman, Sidney A Cohen, Vanessa DeBruin, Martin Fahy, Denise E Jones, Martin Rothman, Michael Böhm, and SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED trial investigators*.
• Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: townsend@upenn.edu.
• Lancet. 2017 Nov 11; 390 (10108): 216021702160-2170.

BackgroundPrevious randomised renal denervation studies did not show consistent efficacy in reducing blood pressure. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of renal denervation on blood pressure in the absence of antihypertensive medications.MethodsSPYRAL HTN-OFF MED was a multicentre, international, single-blind, randomised, sham-controlled, proof-of-concept trial. Patients were enrolled at 21 centres in the USA, Europe, Japan, and Australia. Eligible patients were drug-naive or discontinued their antihypertensive medications. Patients with an office systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 150 mm Hg or greater and less than 180 mm Hg, office diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mm Hg or greater, and a mean 24-h ambulatory SBP of 140 mm Hg or greater and less than 170 mm Hg at second screening underwent renal angiography and were randomly assigned to renal denervation or sham control. Patients, caregivers, and those assessing blood pressure were blinded to randomisation assignments. The primary endpoint, change in 24-h blood pressure at 3 months, was compared between groups. Drug surveillance was done to ensure patient compliance with absence of antihypertensive medication. The primary analysis was done in the intention-to-treat population. Safety events were assessed at 3 months. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02439749.FindingsBetween June 25, 2015, and Jan 30, 2017, 353 patients were screened. 80 patients were randomly assigned to renal denervation (n=38) or sham control (n=42) and followed up for 3 months. Office and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure decreased significantly from baseline to 3 months in the renal denervation group: 24-h SBP -5·5 mm Hg (95% CI -9·1 to -2·0; p=0·0031), 24-h DBP -4·8 mm Hg (-7·0 to -2·6; p<0·0001), office SBP -10·0 mm Hg (-15·1 to -4·9; p=0·0004), and office DBP -5·3 mm Hg (-7·8 to -2·7; p=0·0002). No significant changes were seen in the sham-control group: 24-h SBP -0·5 mm Hg (95% CI -3·9 to 2·9; p=0·7644), 24-h DBP -0·4 mm Hg (-2·2 to 1·4; p=0·6448), office SBP -2·3 mm Hg (-6·1 to 1·6; p=0·2381), and office DBP -0·3 mm Hg (-2·9 to 2·2; p=0·8052). The mean difference between the groups favoured renal denervation for 3-month change in both office and 24-h blood pressure from baseline: 24-h SBP -5·0 mm Hg (95% CI -9·9 to -0·2; p=0·0414), 24-h DBP -4·4 mm Hg (-7·2 to -1·6; p=0·0024), office SBP -7·7 mm Hg (-14·0 to -1·5; p=0·0155), and office DBP -4·9 mm Hg (-8·5 to -1·4; p=0·0077). Baseline-adjusted analyses showed similar findings. There were no major adverse events in either group.InterpretationResults from SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED provide biological proof of principle for the blood-pressure-lowering efficacy of renal denervation.FundingMedtronic.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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