• Mathieu Jozwiak, François Depret, Jean-Louis Teboul, Jean-Emmanuel Alphonsine, Christopher Lai, Christian Richard, and Xavier Monnet.
• 1Hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, service de réanimation médicale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. 2Inserm UMR S_999, Univ Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
• Crit. Care Med. 2017 Nov 1; 45 (11): e1131-e1138.

ObjectivesFirst, we aimed at assessing whether fluid responsiveness is predicted by the effects of an end-expiratory occlusion on the velocity-time integral of the left ventricular outflow tract. Second, we investigated whether adding the effects of an end-inspiratory occlusion and of an end-expiratory occlusion on velocity-time integral can predict fluid responsiveness with similar reliability than end-expiratory occlusion alone but with a higher threshold, which might be more compatible with the precision of echocardiography.DesignDiagnostic study.SettingMedical ICU.PatientsThirty mechanically ventilated patients in whom fluid administration was planned.InterventionsA 15-second end-expiratory occlusion and end-inspiratory occlusion, separated by 1 minute, followed by a 500-mL saline administration.Measurements And Main ResultsPulse contour analysis-derived cardiac index and velocity-time integral were measured during the last 5 seconds of 15-second end-inspiratory occlusion and end-expiratory occlusion and after fluid administration. End-expiratory occlusion increased velocity-time integral more in responders than in nonresponders to fluid administration (11% ± 5% vs 3% ± 1%, respectively; p < 0.0001), and end-inspiratory occlusion decreased velocity-time integral more in responders than in nonresponders (12% ± 5% vs 5% ± 2%, respectively; p = 0.0002). When adding the absolute values of changes in velocity-time integral observed during both occlusions, velocity-time integral changed by 23% ± 9% in responders and by 8% ± 3% in nonresponders. Fluid responsiveness was predicted by the end-expiratory occlusion-induced change in velocity-time integral with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.938 (0.785-0.989) and a threshold value of 5%. Fluid responsiveness was predicted by the sum of absolute values of changes in velocity-time integral during both occlusions with a similar reliability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.973 [0.838-1.000]) but with a threshold of 13%. Both sensitivity and specificity were 93% (68-100%).ConclusionsIf consecutive end-inspiratory occlusion and end-expiratory occlusion change velocity-time integral is greater than or equal to 13% in total, fluid responsiveness is accurately predicted. This threshold is more compatible with the precision of echocardiography than that obtained by end-expiratory occlusion alone.

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