• Kazuyoshi Hirota, Shigeharu Wakayama, Kazuho Sugihara, Tsuyoshi Kudo, Tetsuhiro Sakai, Naoki Kotani, Hironori Ishihara, and Akitomo Matsuki.
• Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hirosaki School of Medicine, 53 Honcho, 036, Hirosaki, Japan.
• J Anesth. 1995 Sep 1; 9 (3): 224-228.

AbstractKetamine-induced sympathetic stimulation can be inhibited by administration of sedatives such as benzodiazepines, droperidol, or opioids. We have developed total intravenous anesthesia with ketamine in combination with droperidol and fentanyl (DFK) and have used this anesthetic method in more than 4000 surgical cases. In this study, we compared DFK in cardiac surgery with isoflurane-fentanyl anesthesia (AOI-F). Fourteen patients undergoing aortocoronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomly assigned to the DFK or AOI-F groups. The endocrine responses of the patients were evaluated from the plasma, levels of cortisol, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and aldosterone. In both groups, anesthesia per se did not induced any significant changes in the hormones. Although cortisol and ADH increased during surgery, ANP and aldosterone did not change appreciably. All hormones were significantly elevated after the end of cardiopulmonary bypass. There were no significant differences in any of the hormones, blood pressure, and heart rate measured at different points in both groups. These results showed that DFK anesthesia as a total intravenous anesthesia deserves to be studied in more depth.

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