• Zahra Asgari, Mahroo Rezaeinejad, Reihaneh Hosseini, Masoumeh Nataj, Maryam Razavi, and Mahdi Sepidarkish.
• Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• Pain Res Manag. 2017 Jan 1; 2017: 17214601721460.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of spinal anesthesia with subdiaphragmatic lidocaine at the beginning of surgery versus spinal anesthesia in pain reduction for gynecological laparoscopic surgery.MethodsThis was a clinical trial conducted in Arash Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Eighty-four patients were randomized to either spinal anesthesia with subdiaphragmatic lidocaine, spinal anesthesia, or general anesthesia (GA). The primary outcome was patients' pain perception during surgery, 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours after surgery, and prior to discharge and was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS).ResultsThe results showed that there are no significant changes in pain perception over time in none of the three groups (F(4,76) = 0.37, P = 0.82). The severity of pain experienced by patients at all-time interval after surgery was similar between groups [F(2,79) = 0.54, P = 0.58].ConclusionThe use of subdiaphragmatic lidocaine at the beginning of surgery combined with spinal anesthesia was not associated with a statistically significant difference in patients' postoperative VAS scores compared to spinal anesthesia and GA during and after gynecological surgical procedures. The study was registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial by the number of IRCT2016022226698N1.

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